Conjugations of Japanese

Japanese (Nihongo) no adjectives/verbs ni okel "conjugations" list.

Suffixes

• ① basic
• ② continuous, -te
• ③ adnominal / ❸ adverbial 【※Only in Adjectives】
• ④ -ba (subjunctive/conditional)
• ⑤ imperative 【※Only in Verbs】
• ⑥ -(sa)sel (causative), -(la)lel (passive/possible/respect) 【※Only in Verbs】
• ⑦ -(y)ow (will) 【※Only in Verbs】
• ⑧ -nai (negation)
• ⑨ -ta (past)
• ⑩ -to, -kala, -ga, -kedo (causal)

Adjectives

Original Adjectives [A1]

Conjugation of Original Adjectives [A1]

conjugations	function/meaning, auxiliary verbs, conjunctive particles
-i (-)	① basic, ③ adnominal, ⑩ -to, -kala, -ga, -kedo
-k -	② continuous, -te, ❸ adverbial, ⑧ -nai (negation), ⑨ -at-ta (past)
-kele-	④ -ba (subjunctive/conditional)

Derivative Adjectives [A2]

Conjugation of Derivative Adjectives [A2]

conjugations	function/meaning, auxiliary verbs, conjunctive particles	noun
-(da) (-)	① basic, ⑨ -at-ta (past), ⑩ -to, -kala, -ga, -kedo	-(da) (-)
-de(a)/-ja -	② continuous, ⑧ -nai (negation)	-de(a)/-ja -
-na -	③ adnominal	-no -
-ni -	❸ adverbial	-ni -
-nala -	④ -ba (subjunctive/conditional)	-nala -

Verbs

Original Verbs 1 - "5 dan" [V1]

Conjugation of V1 Verbs [V1]

conjugations	function/meaning, auxiliary verbs, conjunctive particles
-[k/g/s/t(s)/b/l/m/n/w](-)	① basic, ③ adnominal, ⑦ -ow (will), ⑩ -to, -kala, -ga, -kedo
-[k/g/s/t/b/l/m/n/w]a-	⑥ -sel, -lel, ⑧ -nai (negation)
-[k/g/s/t/b/l/m/n/(w)]i(-)	② continuous, -te*, ⑨ -ta* (past)
-[k/g/s/t/b/l/m/n/(w)]e(-)	④ -ba (subjunctive/conditional), ⑤ imperative

(*) -te/-ta ga tsuk baai.

• -k + i + -te/-ta
  → -kite/-kita
  → -ite/-ita 【子音脱落(イ音便)】

• -g + i + -te/-ta
  → -gite/-gita
  → -ide/-ida 【子音脱落(イ音便)+濁音化】

• -s + i + -te/-ta
  → -site/-sita 【歯茎硬口蓋音化】

• -ts/-l/-w + i + -te/-ta
  → -ite/-ita
  　 -tite/-tita
  　 -lite/-lita
  → -tte/-tta 【促音便】

• -b/-m/-n + i + -te/-ta
  → -bite/-bita
  　 -mite/-mita
  　 -nite/-nita
  → -nde/-nda 【鼻音化(撥音便)+濁音化】

Details

	Ka- gyow	Ga- gyow	Sa- gyow	Ta- gyow	Ba- gyow	La- gyow	Ma- gyow	Na- gyow	Wa- gyow
-	-k	-g	-s	-ts	-b	-l	-m	-n	-w
-a-	-ka-	-ga-	-sa-	-ta-	-ba-	-la-	-ma-	-na-	-wa-
-i -ite(de)/-ita(da)	-ki -ite/-ita*	-gi -ide/-ida*	-si -site/-sita*	-ti -tte/-tta*	-bi -nde/-nda*	-li -tte/-tta*	-mi -nde/-nda*	-ni -nde/-nda*	-i -tte/-tta*
-e	-ke(-)	-ge(-)	-se(-)	-te(-)	-be(-)	-le(-)	-me(-)	-ne(-)	-e(-)

Original Verbs 2 - "1 dan (-il/-el)" [V2]

Conjugation of V2 Verbs [V2]

conjugations	function/meaning, auxiliary verbs, conjunctive particles
(-i)l(-)	① basic, ③ adnominal, ⑩ -to, -kala, -ga, -kedo
(-i)-	② continuous, -te, ⑥ -(sa)sel, -(la)lel, ⑦ -yow (will), ⑧ -nai (negation), ⑨ -ta (past)
(-i)le-	④ -ba (subjunctive/conditional)
(-i)lo	⑤ imperative

conjugations	function/meaning, auxiliary verbs, conjunctive particles
(-e)l(-)	① basic, ③ adnominal, ⑩ -to, -kala, -ga, -kedo
(-e)-	② continuous, -te, ⑥ -(sa)sel, -(la)lel, ⑦ -yow (will), ⑧ -nai (negation), ⑨ -ta (past)
(-e)le-	④ -ba (subjunctive/conditional)
(-e)lo	⑤ imperative

Original Verbs 3 - "kul" [K]

Conjugation of kul [K]

conjugations	function/meaning, auxiliary verbs, conjunctive particles
(k)ul(-)	① basic, ③ adnominal, ⑩ -to, -kala, -ga, -kedo
(k)o-	⑥ -sasel, -lalel, ⑦ -yow (will), ⑧ -nai (negation)
(k)i-	② continuous, -te, ⑨ -ta (past)
(k)ule-	④ -ba (subjunctive/conditional)
(k)oi	⑤ imperative

Derivative Verbs - "-sul" [S]

Conjugation of sul [S]

conjugations	function/meaning, auxiliary verbs, conjunctive particles
(-) (s)ul(-)	① basic, ③ adnominal, ⑩ -to, -kala, -ga, -kedo
(-) (s)a-	⑥ -sel, -lel
(-) (s)i-	② continuous, -te, ⑦ -yow (will), ⑧ -nai (negation), ⑨ -ta (past)
(-) (s)ule-	④ -ba (subjunctive/conditional)
(-) (s)ilo	⑤ imperative