Difference between revisions of "Particles (Case/Optional-Additional) of Japanese"
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! [[-to]] - | ! [[-to]] - | ||
|parallel [closed] (and) | |parallel [closed] (and) | ||
− | ! -, (nao)[[kats]] - | + | ! -, (nao)[[kats]] -<br/>-, [[soleto]] - |
|- | |- | ||
! [[-ya]] - | ! [[-ya]] - |
Latest revision as of 00:51, 4 May 2024
Japanese (Nihongo) no "case-optional/additional particles" list.
Case
particle | meaning |
---|---|
-ga | subjective/nominative(NOM) [closed, limited, specific] (objective with "emotional adjectives" (e.g. suki(好き), kilai(嫌い)) and "possible verbs" (e.g. dekil(できる), tabelel(食べれる))) |
-(w)o | objective/accusative(ACC) |
-de | locative(LOC), instructive(INS) at, by, in |
-kala | ablative(ABL) from, since |
-yoli (mo) | ablative(ABL) [polite, literary] than, from, since |
-ni | dative(DAT), locative(LOC), translative(TRA) to/at, by [actional subject in passive] |
-e | dative(DAT), locative(LOC), translative(TRA) [polite, literary] to, for |
-to | comitative(COM) with |
-to | that [quotation] |
-no | genitive(GEN) of |
-yo | vocative (VOC) [literary] |
-ya | vocative (VOC) [literary/elderly] |
particle | meaning | alternative |
---|---|---|
-to - | parallel [closed] (and) | -, (nao)kats - -, soleto - |
-ya - | parallel [open] (and) | -, oyobi - -, nalabini - |
-ka - | parallel [selective] (or) | -, aluia - -, naisi(a) - -, mata-a - -, mosik-a - -, sole-tomo - |
Optional/Additional
particle | meaning |
---|---|
-(w)a | subjective/nominative(NOM) [open, unlimited, separated, individual] topic emphasizing |
-toa | topic, surprising, admiration [formal] |
-tte | topic, surprising, admiration [casual] |
-mo | also, too, either |
-koso | emphasizing (just) |
-kamo | possibility (maybe) (-silenai) |
particle | meaning |
---|---|
-nomi | limitation (only) [formal] |
-dake | limitation (only) [casual] |
-bakali | limitation (only) [negative, blaming, formal] |
-bakka | limitation (only) [negative, blaming, casual] |
-sika | limitation (only) [negative, blaming, combination (-nai)] |
particle | meaning |
---|---|
-made | range (until) [normal] |
-sae | range (even, only) [normal, desire] |
-sla | range (even) [insulting, negative, combination (-nai)] |
-demo | range, exemplification (such as) [permittion (-ii)] |
-datte | range (such as) [insulting, casual] |
particle | meaning |
---|---|
-nado | exemplification [sometimes insulting, formal] |
-nanka | exemplification [sometimes insulting, blaming, casual] |
-nante | exemplification [sometimes insulting, blaming, surprising, casual] |
-toka | exemplification [sometimes insulting, casual] |
-gotoki | exemplification [insulting] |