Particles (Final/Conjunctive) - Conjunctions of Japanese
Japanese (Nihongo) no "final-conjuctive particles" to "conjunctions" list.
Contents
Final Particles
| particle | meaning |
|---|---|
| -da | assertion (for nouns/derivative adjectives) |
| particle | meaning |
|---|---|
| -ka(?) -kana(?) -(na)no(?) |
interrogative interrogative (-ka+-na) interrogative【frank】 |
| -(da)zo -(n/le/ow)ya -(da)yo -(na)nda |
emphasizing, will, inducement, confirmation emphasizing, will, inducement, confirmation【rude, dialect】 emphasizing, will, inducement, confirmation【frank】 emphasizing, confirmation |
| -(da)na(?) -(da)ne(?) -deshow(?) |
estimation, confirmation【rude】 estimation, confirmation【frank】 estimation, confirmation (-des+-yow) |
| -(da)yona(?) -(da)yone(?) |
confirmation (-yo+-na)【rude】 confirmation (-yo+-ne)【frank】 |
| particle | meaning |
|---|---|
| -ka(a) -(da)na(a) |
admiration, understanding, surprising admiration, understanding |
| -na(!) | ban |
Conjunctive Particles - Conjunctions
sequential/continuous/parallel
| particle | meaning | conjunction |
|---|---|---|
| -te (-de) | sequential/continuous, parallel | sosite |
| -nagala | sequential/continuous, parallel | |
| -tsuts | sequential/continuous, parallel | |
| -te(-de)kala | sequential/continuous | |
| -tali (-dali) | parallel | mata |
| -(da)si | parallel | soleni |
causal/subjunctive/conditional
| particle | meaning | conjunction |
|---|---|---|
| -(da)kala | causal【literary, impolite】 | dakala |
| -(na)node | causal【colloquial, polite】 | nanode |
| causal | sitagatte | |
| causal | yotte | |
| -(da)ga | causal [reversal]【literary, impolite】 | daga |
| -(da)kedo | causal [reversal]【frank】 | dakedo |
| -(na)noni | causal [reversal]【colloquial, polite】 | (sole)nanoni |
| causal [reversal] | sikasi |
| -(da)to | causal [incidental] | (sow)sulto |
|---|---|---|
| -(dat)tala (-dala) | causal [incidental] | so(w)sitala |
| -nala(ba) | subjunctive, conditional | (sole)nala(ba) |
|---|---|---|
| -ba | subjunctive, conditional | tadasi * |
| -(dat)tala (-dala) | subjunctive, conditional | (sole)dattala |
| -temo (-demo) | subjunctive, conditional [reversal] | (sole)demo |
| -(da)to | conditional | (sole)dato |
|---|---|---|
| -tea (-dea) | conditional | (sole)dea |
| -cha (-ja) | conditional [not polite] | (sole)ja |
| -(na)noni | conditional [reversal] | (sole)nanoni |
additional/complemental/switching
| particle | meaning | conjunction |
|---|---|---|
| -(da)ga | additional/complemental | nao * |
| -(da)kedo | additional/complemental | tinamini * |
| switching | sate | |
|---|---|---|
| switching | tokolode |
(*) main clause ni taisite atokala information o add sul word.
